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Fresh, direct, and phase-contrast microscopy is an easy-to-perform, replicable, and economical diagnostic technique included in the guidelines of the Centers of Disease Control of Atlanta in 2015
In clinical medicine and in emergency medicine especially, is crucial to understand and manage the acid-base and electrolyte disorders. This text, the result of years of clinical and educational activity, is organized in three parts: acid-base balance, water and sodium and electrolytes. Clinical interpretation and therapy are discussed through clinical cases that are the main educational tools.
Infectious bronchitis is an acute and highly contagious respiratory disease of chickens characterized by respiratory signs comprising gasping, coughing, sneezing, tracheal rales and nasal discharge. In addition, severe respiratory distress may occur in young chickens. Respiratory distress, decrease in egg production, and loss of internal egg quality and eggshell quality have been reported in layers. Some strains of the virus produce severe kidney damage and may be associated with high mortality.
