The goal of this work is to present the reader with the most common diseases that can produce immunosuppression in poultry, provide guidance for the diagnosis of immunosuppressive diseases, and examine the challenges that a diagnostician may face in confirming a diagnosis of immunosuppression. The book will feature an extensive collection of color photographs depicting gross and microscopic images.
Author:
Isabel M. Gimeno
Licenciada en Veterinaria (DVM equivalent) - Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 1995. PhD - Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 1999. MS - Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 1996. Associate Professor, Poultry Health Management. Diplomate, American College of Poultry Veterinarians. July 2012 to present. Associate Professor. Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University. February 2006 to July 2012. Assistant Professor. Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University. February 2002 to January 2006. Postdoctoral position at the USDA-ARS Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, East Lansing, MI. January 2001 to January 2002. Research Associate at the Animal Health Diagnostic Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI. January 2000 to December 2000. Research Associate at the Research Institute for Animal Health (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid.
Areas of Research/Study:
Avian tumor viruses.
Avian herpesviruses.
Emerging poultry infectious diseases.
Poultry immunology.
Poultry pathology.
Table of contents:
1. Introduction: Histopathology of Immunosuppression in Chickens
OSCAR J. FLETCHER
Introduction
Lesion scoring
Bursa of Fabricius
Thymus
Spleen
Morphometry
Bursa of Fabricius (BF)
Thymus
Spleen
Conclusions
References
2. Non-infectious causes of immunosuppression: Mycotoxins and Stress
ENRIQUE MONTIEL Y ORLANDO OSUNA
Mycotoxins and immunosuppression
Introduction
Etiology
Epidemiology
Aflatoxins
Clinical signs of aflatoxicosis
Gross lesions of aflatoxin
Histopathology of aflatoxin
Effect of aflatoxin on the immune system of
poultry
Diagnosis of aflatoxin
Differential diagnosis
Ochratoxin A (OTA)
Clinical signs of ochratoxicosis
Gross lesions of ochratoxin A (OTA)
Histopathology of ochratoxin A (OTA)
Effect of OTA on the poultry immune
system
Diagnosis of ochratoxicosis
Differential diagnosis
Citrinin
Oosporein
Fusarium toxins
Fumonisins
Trichothecenes
References
Stress and immunosuppression
Introduction
The connection between stress, immunosuppression and decreased performance
Understanding stress
Measuring stress or immunosuppression?
Stress and poultry practice
References
3. Virus-induced immunosuppression:
Infectious Bursal Disease
NATÀLIA MAJÓ Y ROSER DOLZ
Introduction
The etiological agent: Infectious Bursal
Disease Virus
Taxonomy and genome organization
Viral structure and proteins
Cell infection, genome replication and transcription
Virus properties
IBDV antigenicity and immunogenicity
IBDV pathogenicity
IBDV genetic diversity
Epidemiology
Hosts and transmission
Geographic distribution of IBDV
Pathogenesis and host immune response
Immunosuppression
Clinical signs
Gross and microscopic lesions
Diagnosis
Viral detection
Antibody detection
Prevention and control
Inactivated vaccines
Conventional live attenuated virus vaccines
Vector vaccines
Immune complex vaccines
References
4. Virus-induced immunosuppression: Chicken Infectious Anemia
JOAN A. SMYTH Y KAREL A. SCHAT
Introduction
Etiology
Virus structure, composition and classification
Classification
Stability
Epidemiology
Host range
Geographical distribution
Transmission
Pathogenesis
Clinical signs
Pathology
Embryos
Chickens
CAV-induced immunosuppression
Effect of infection on cell populations
Effect of infection on macrophage activity and cytokine production
Economic effects
Economic effects of clinical CAV induced disease
Economic effects of subclinical disease
Interactions with other Infectious Agents
CAV and infectious bursal disease virus
CAV and tumor viruses
CAV, reovirus and adenovirus
CAV and respiratory infections
CAV and bacteria or fungi
Diagnosis
General
Blood testing
Examination of diseased chickens
Control and prevention of CAV infection and disease
General
Vaccination using currently available vaccines
Experimental vaccines, and novel approaches to CAV vaccination
Treatment
References
5. Virus-induced immunosuppression: Marek’s Disease Virus infection and associated syndromes
ISABEL M. GIMENO Y ARUN R. PANDIRI
Introduction
Etiology
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis
MDV-induced syndromes
Non-neoplastic syndromes
Neoplastic syndromes (tumors)
MDV immunosuppression (MDV-IS)
References
6. Virus-induced immunosuppression: Reticuloendotheliosis and other
immunosuppressive viruses
GUILLERMO ZAVALA
Introduction
Etiology
Classification
Nucleic acids and chemical composition
Virus replication
Epidemiology
Host range
Geographical distribution
Transmission
Transmission in commercial flocks
Transmission in nature
Pathogenesis
Clinical signs
Pathology
Gross pathology
Microscopic pathology
Immunosuppression
Impairment of leukocyte blastogenesis
Disturbances in immune regulation
Immune responses to avian pathogens
Economic effects
Interactions with other Infectious Agents
Diagnosis
Vaccination
Treatment
References
